Immune information, self-organization and meaning
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Immune information, self-organization and meaning.
To effect the molecular integrity of the individual, the immune system has to gather antigenic information and respond in a meaningful way. Immunologists traditionally have focused their research on analyzing the component parts of the system. The achievements of immunology in its analytical enterprise have now made it possible to begin the task of synthesis. In this paper, we shall consider ho...
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Drawing on metaphors from linguistics and information theory, Atlan and Cohen challenge us to take a very different view of the immune system, one that engages in constant chatter among the constituents and allows the immune system to arrive at a decision about what to, and not to, destroy. Our commentary responds to this challenge and points out many logical biological flaws in their view. We ...
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Following a suggestion from Warren Weaver, we extend the Shannon model of communication piecemeal into a complex systems model in which communication is differentiated both vertically and horizontally. This model enables us to bridge the divide between Niklas Luhmann's theory of the self-organization of meaning in communications and empirical research using information theory. First, we disting...
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Hermann Haken 1,* and Juval Portugali 2 1 Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center of Synergetics, Pfaffenwaldring 57/4, Stuttgart University, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany 2 ESLab (Environmental Simulation Lab), Department of Geography and the Human Environment, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +49-...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Immunology
سال: 1998
ISSN: 1460-2377
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/10.6.711